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Edmund Husserl

Edmund Husserl
Husserl c. 1910s
Born
Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl

8 April 1859
Proßnitz, Moravia, Austrian Empire
Died27 April 1938(1938-04-27) (aged 79)
Freiburg, Germany
EducationLeipzig University
University of Berlin
University of Vienna (PhD, 1883)
University of Halle (Dr. phil. hab., 1887)
Era20th-century philosophy
RegionWestern philosophy
SchoolContinental philosophy
Phenomenology
Transcendental constitutive phenomenology (1910s)[1]
Genetic phenomenology (1920s–30s)[1]
Transcendental idealism[3]
Logical objectivism[4]: 13–31 
Austrian realism (early)[5][6]
Foundationalism[7]
Conceptualism[8]
Indirect realism[9]
Correspondence theory of truth[10]
InstitutionsUniversity of Halle
(1887–1901)
University of Göttingen
(1901–1916)
University of Freiburg
(1916–1928)
Theses
Doctoral advisorLeo Königsberger (PhD advisor)
Carl Stumpf (Dr. phil. hab. advisor)
Other academic advisorsFranz Brentano
Doctoral studentsEdith Stein
Roman Ingarden
Main interests
Epistemology, ontology, philosophy of mathematics, intersubjectivity
Notable ideas
List

Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (/ˈhʊsɜːrl/ HUUSS-url,[14][15][16] US also /ˈhʊsərəl/ HUUSS-ər-əl,[17] German: [ˈɛtmʊnt ˈhʊsɐl];[18] 8 April 1859 – 27 April 1938[19]) was an Austrian-German philosopher and mathematician who established the school of phenomenology.

In his early work, he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic based on analyses of intentionality. In his mature work, he sought to develop a systematic foundational science based on the so-called phenomenological reduction. Arguing that transcendental consciousness sets the limits of all possible knowledge, Husserl redefined phenomenology as a transcendental-idealist philosophy. Husserl's thought profoundly influenced 20th-century philosophy, and he remains a notable figure in contemporary philosophy and beyond.

Husserl studied mathematics, taught by Karl Weierstrass and Leo Königsberger, and philosophy taught by Franz Brentano and Carl Stumpf.[20] He taught philosophy as a Privatdozent at Halle from 1887, then as professor, first at Göttingen from 1901, then at Freiburg from 1916 until he retired in 1928, after which he remained highly productive. In 1933, under racial laws of the Nazi Party, Husserl was expelled from the library of the University of Freiburg due to his Jewish family background and months later resigned from the Deutsche Akademie. Following an illness, he died in Freiburg in 1938.[21]

  1. ^ a b "Search – Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy". www.rep.routledge.com.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference IEPHusserl was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Husserl insisted that he was and always had meant to be a transcendental idealist.[2]
  4. ^ Penelope Rush, "Logical Realism", in: Penelope Rush (ed.), The Metaphysics of Logic, Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 13–31.
  5. ^ Gestalt Theory: Official Journal of the Society for Gestalt Theory and Its Applications (GTA), 22, Steinkopff, 2000, p. 94: "Attention has varied between Continental Phenomenology (late Husserl, Merleau-Ponty) and Austrian Realism (Brentano, Meinong, Benussi, early Husserl)".
  6. ^ Mark Textor, The Austrian Contribution to Analytic Philosophy, Routledge, 2006, pp. 170–171:
    "[Husserl argues in the Logical Investigations that the rightness of a judgement or proposition] shows itself in our experience of self-evidence (Evidenz), which term Husserl takes from Brentano, but makes criterial not of truth per se but of our most secure awareness that things are as we take them to be, when the object of judgement, the state of affairs, is given most fully or adequately. ... In his struggle to overcome relativism, especially psychologism, Husserl stressed the objectivity of truth and its independence of the nature of those who judge it ... A proposition is true not because of some fact about a thinker but because of an objectively existing abstract proposition's relation to something that is not a proposition, namely a state of affairs."
  7. ^ Barry Smith and David Woodruff Smith, eds., The Cambridge Companion to Husserl, Cambridge University Press, p. 292.
  8. ^ Zahar, Elie (2001). Poincaré's Philosophy: From Conventionalism to Phenomenology. Chicago: Open Court Pub Co. p. 211. ISBN 0-8126-9435-X.
  9. ^ Robin D. Rollinger, Husserl's Position in the School of Brentano, Phaenomenologica 150, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1999, p. 224 n. 1.
  10. ^ J. N. Mohanty (ed.), Readings on Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations, Springer, 1977, p. 191.
  11. ^ Moran, D. and Cohen, J., 2012, The Husserl Dictionary. London, Continuum Press: p. 151 ("Hyletic data (hyletischen Daten)"): "In Ideas I § 85, Husserl uses the term 'hyletic data' to refer to the sensuous constituents of our intentional experiences."
  12. ^ "Pre-reflective self-consciousness" is Shaun Gallagher and Dan Zahavi's term for Husserl's idea that consciousness always involves a self-appearance or self-manifestation (German: Für-sich-selbst-erscheinens; E. Husserl (1959), Erste Philosophie II 1923–24, Husserliana VIII, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, pp. 189, 412) and his idea that the fact that "an appropriate train of sensations or images is experienced, and is in this sense conscious, does not and cannot mean that this is the object of an act of consciousness, in the sense that a perception, a presentation or a judgment is directed upon it" (E. Husserl (1984), *Logische Untersuchungen II, Husserliana XIX/1–2, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, p. 165; English translation: Logical Investigations I, translated by J. N. Findlay, London: Routledge, 2001, p. 273). See Shaun Gallagher, *Phenomenology, Springer, 2016, p. 130 and "Phenomenological Approaches to Self-Consciousness", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  13. ^ Smith, B.; Smith, D. W., eds. (1995), The Cambridge Companion to Husserl, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 301–2, ISBN 0-521-43616-8
  14. ^ "Husserl". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  15. ^ "Husserl". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.[permanent dead link][permanent dead link][dead link]
  16. ^ "Husserl". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  17. ^ "Husserl". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  18. ^ Krech, Eva-Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz Christian (2009). Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch [German Pronunciation Dictionary] (in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 465, 598. ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6.
  19. ^ Smith, D. W. (2007). Husserl. p. xiv.
  20. ^ Cooper-Wiele, J. K., The Totalizing Act: Key to Husserl's Early Philosophy (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989).
  21. ^ Kockelmans, J. K., Phenomenology and the Natural Sciences: Essays and Translations (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970), p. 3.


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